Internal-combustion engine.



O, R. GALBRAITH.

y INTERNAL COIVIBUSTION ENGINE. I APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3. 1918. Lgmsig@ Patented Apr. 22,1919.

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ml'TERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To all whom t may concern:

-Be it known that I, ORVILLE R. GAIBRAITH, a subject of the King` of Great Britain, residing atl Asquith, in the Province of Saskatchewan, Canada, have invented a new and useful Internal-Combustion Engine, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly Ito those of the two-cycle type.

The invention has for an object to provide a relatively compact and sim-ply constructed engine of the two-cycle type, and wherein the piston receives impact at opposite ends of its stroke to force the piston first in one direction and then in the other to' increase the power of the engine over engines of a size.

The invention further aims at the provision of a piston which controls the inlet and exhaust ports and compresses and forms chambers for the charge as well'as effecting the expulsion of burnt gases.

The invention` also provides an engine wherein the cylinder and piston thereof are peculiarly associated to form between them a charged receiving chamber which opens first at one side of the piston, and subsequently opens at the other side of the piston; and to .provide the engine with a peculiar head or closure forming a guide for the piston and means for cooling the same.

The above, and various other objects and advantages of this invention will in part be described, and in part be understood from the following detailed description of the present preferred embodiment, the same being illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a. side elevation of an internal combustion engine constructed according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken through the engine showing the piston at the inner end of its stroke. g Fig. 3 is a similar view, showing the piston at the outer end of its stroke.

Referring to these drawings, 10 designates the body portion or cylinder of the engine which is elongated and provided at its forward end with an annular :partition wall 11 providing between the wall 1 1 and the for- Specication of Letters Patent.

Application :filed January 3,

lPatentedApr.. 22, 119119. 191s. senalno. 210,218.

ward end of the cylinder l0 a water jacket or cooling space adapted to receive a cooling medium therein. The Ipartition 11 also forms a contracted bore at the forward end of the cylinder within which .is slidably mounted a piston 12. The piston 12 is connected at its outer or forward -end to a connecting rod 13 which is longitudinally movable through a stufiing box 14 fitted through the outer end of the cylinder 10. rlhe piston 12 is provided on its forward end, and near its upper side with a deflector 15 formed preferably integral with the piston and constituting a transversely extending projection or lip. Packing'rings 16 are iitted about the forward end of the piston 12 and engage the inner wall of the cylinder. A spark plug 17 is fitted through the outer end of the cylinder.

The inner end of the piston 12 is formed with an annular outstanding flange 18 adapted to fit at its periphery against the inner wall of the cylinder at the enlarged inner end thereof, and is provided with a packing ring 19 adapted to seal the ange 18 in the cylinder. The inner end of the cylinder has an annular partition wall 20 which forms a charge receiving passage 21 between the cylinder 10 and the wall 20. The passage 21 extends substantially half way around the upper part of the cylinder and communi- Cates at said portion of the cylinder with the charge compression chamber 22 formed concentrically within the wall 21.

The cylinder 10 has an inlet port 23 at the forward end of the assage 21 and located in the upper side of t e cylinder and adapted to be opened and closed by the piston 12. The chamber 22 and the passage 21 intercommunicate only at the inner end of the cylinder, and flange 18 is adapted to move v`with thepiston longitudinally in the annular charge compressing chamber 22.

The cylinder 10 is provided with a removable head 24 adapted to fit into the inner end of the cylinder in spaced relation to the annular wall 20 and projects into the inner openend of the piston 12. The piston 12 is hollow and when moved inwardly is adapted to receive the head 24 therein, as shown in Fig. 2. The head carries packing rings 25 for slidable engagement with the inner wall The rear end ofthe head 24 is enlarged to form a cap plate 27 adapted to iitfagainst the inner end of the cylinder to close it,

and is held in place by machine screws, or the like, for retaining the head 24 in position.

The head 24 is 'of a length equal substantially to one half the length of the cylinder 10 and forms the inner wall of the annular compression chamber 22. The piston 12 has an inlet port 28 in its upper side-and at its inner end adapted to be opened by the forward movement of the piston sufliciently to carrythe port 28 beyond the inner end of the head 24. The port 28 intercommunicates the compression chamber 22 with the interior ofthe piston 12 when the latter is in its outermost position.

The lower side of the cylinder 10 is provided with a pair of longitudinally spaced apart exhaust ports 29 and 30 which communicate respectively with the interior of the piston 12 through port 31 thereof'when the piston is in its foremost position, and with the interior of the cylinder 10 at its forward end when the piston is in its innermost position. An exhaust manifold 32, of cupshape, is threaded into the lower side of the cylinder 10 and communicates with both of the exhaust ports 2,9 and 30 to carry off the products of combustion from the engine. An exhaust pipe 33 leads from the manifold 32 to any suitable point of discharge.

The cylinder 10 also has in its lower side, and at its inner end a pair of spaced apart inlet ports 34 and 35 which open into the opposite ends of the compression chamber 22. The port 34 is larger than the port 35 and opens into the rear end of the chamber- 22 which also communicates with the passage 21 and the larger combustion chamber formed in the forward end of the cylinder 10. Inlet valve casings 36 are secured to the lower side ofthe cylinder 10 over the ports 34 and 35 and are provided with outwardly seating valves 37 normally held to their seats by adjustable springs 38 located exte riorly of the casings 36. An intake manifold 39 has its branches connected to the valve casings 36 to supply the charge thereto, and leads from a carburetor 40 of any adaptable type.

The head 24 has upon its inner end a deflector 41 similar in formation and location to the deiiector 15 of the piston, and the head is provided with a relatively long spark plug 42 which extends entirely through the headand has its electrodes arranged at the inner end of the head below the deflector 41.

The cylinder 10 is provided at opposite sides with one or more bracket lugs 43 byl meansof which the cylinder may be mount-ged in a frame or on any other suitable suppiston communicates the forward end of the l compression chamber 22 with the interior of the piston. Immediately prior to the opening of port 28, the port 31 registers with the exhaust port 29 and the consumed gases within the piston 12 are permitted to escape into the exhaust manifold 32, the deflector 41 directing the gases toward the port 31 and preventing, to a large extent, the admixture of the incoming char' e entering through port 28 with the out owing consumed products of combustion.

During the forward stroke of the piston the flange 18 moves forwardly in the chamber 22 and creates a partial vacuum in the inner end of the chamber 22 which draws a new charge into the chamber in rear of the fiange 18 through the intake port 34. During this forward movement of the piston the charge contained in the chamber 22 in front of the flange 18 is compressed thereby owing to the fact that the -port 28 lis closed by the head 24. The compressed charge is released only when the piston 12 is in its foremost position.

Sparking at the plug 17 explodes the charge in the forward end of the 'cylinder 10, and the impact drives the piston 12 to its innermost position as shown in Fig. 2. During this rearward movement of the piston, the Hange 18 compresses the charge in the rear end of the chamber 22 and in the passage 21, the charge being released only when the piston reaches its innermost position to uncover the port 23. The fiange 18, while of the chamber 22 creates a partial vacuum in the forward end of the chamber and draws in a new charge through the port 35. As the piston 12 nears the completion of its rearward stroke it uncovers the exhaust port 30 and releases the expanding consumed gases from the forward combustion chamber, and on reaching -its innermost position uncovers the port 23 and admits the new charge to the forward combustion chamber. This cycle of operations is repeated during the reciprocation of the piston. Spark occurs at the inner end of the plug 42 when the piston 12 reaches its innermost position to explode the charge in the inner combustion chamber.

It is ofcourse understood that various changes and modifications may be made in and provided thereat with above specifically described embodiment of this invention without departing from the spirit thereof, such changes and modifications being restricted only by the scope of the following claims.

lVhat is claimed is:

l. lnl an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having an enlarged bore at one end and a counter bore at its other end, a piston fitting in the bore and having an inner chamber open at one end an outstanding flange adapted to engage the Wall of the counter bore, and a head closing the end of the cylinderA and projecting into the open end of the piston to close the same, the head and the piston forming a charge receiving v chamber within which said flange is adapted v the head.

to' move, the cylinder municating the opposite ends of said chamber with the interior of the piston and the forward end of the cylinder and adapted to be controlled by movement ofthe piston, said pistonhaving ports adapted to register with the ports of open said chamber tothe interior of the piston.

a 2. In an internal colnbustionengine, the

combination of a cylinder having a bore and a counter bore, a piston fitting in the bore and being open at one end and having an enlargement fitting in said counter bore, and a head closing the end of the cylinder and projecting into the piston to close the same, the cylinder and the head forming a charge receiving chamber adapted to receive the charge by suction created by movement of the enlargement in the chamber, the cylinder having a passage leading from one end of said chamber, and the piston having a port Opening into the chamber and adapted to be uncovered by the head when the piston moves forwardly therein, said piston being adapted to uncover the passage in the cylinder when the piston moves inwardly over 3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a bore and a counter bore, a piston fitting in the bore, and a head fitting in the counter bore of the cylinder and in the end of the piston, the head and the cylinder forming a charge receiving chamber, the cylinder having an inlet port at each end of the ychamber and having a-passage. leading from the chamber to the bore'adapted to be open when the piston is moved inwardly, said cylinder also having an exhaust port adapt-ed to be uncovv ered by the piston when moved inwardly and having a second exhaust port, said piston having an enlargement movable in said chamber to alternately compress a charge in the opposite ends of the chamber and having an inlet port leading adapted to be uncovered by the head when having' ports comv the cylinder to alternately y port at each end of the counter bore and a passage leading from the inner end ofthe bore to the `counter bore, a hollow piston adapted to fit in the bore and having an enlargement fitting in the counter bore to alternately draw in a charge through said inlet ports and compress the charge in the counter bore at opposite sides of the enlargement, said piston being adapted to uncover said passage when the piston is moved inwardly, and a head carried by the cylinder and projecting into the piston to close it, said piston having an inlet port adjacent the enlargement adapted to be uncovered by the head when the piston moves forwardly.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a bore and aA counter bore, inlet ports at the opposite ends of said counter bore, exhaust ports intermediate its ends and a passage leading from the inner end of the counter bore to the bore, a piston slida'ble in the bore and having an enlargement fitting in the counter bore to draw in charges through said ports and compress the charges at the opposite sides of the enlargement, said piston being adapted to uncover said passage when moved inwardly to admit a compressed charge into the bore and having an inlet port adapted to admit a compressed charge i to the interior of the piston when moved forwardly,

said piston being adapted to uncover said exhaust port when moved ina b ore to compress charges alternately at theV opposite sides of the enlargement and provided with a port adapted to be uncovered by the head to .admit a compressed charge to the interior of the piston, said cylinder having an inlet passage leading from the counter bore to the bore to be uncovered by the piston and admit a charge into thebore, the cylinder havin to be uncovered y the piston to admit escape of the gases from the bore and havi lng a second exhaust port, and the piston to the chamber and having an exhaustport adapted to registr with said second exhaust port of the cylii port when the piston,

-an exhaust port adaptedder to admit escape of gases from the interior of the piston.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a bore and 5 a counter bore and having inlet ports and Aexhaust ports, a piston fitting in the bore of the cylinder and having an enlargement movable in the counterbore to create suction therein, the piston being adapted to control said inlet and exhaust ports and provided 10 with inlet and exhaust ports, and a head in the cylinder fitting in the piston to control the inlet and exhaust ports thereof.

- ORVILLE R. GALBRAITH. 

